Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases

被引:144
作者
Rauf, Abdur [1 ]
Badoni, Himani [2 ]
Abu-Izneid, Tareq [3 ]
Olatunde, Ahmed [4 ]
Rahman, Md Mominur [5 ]
Painuli, Sakshi [6 ]
Semwal, Prabhakar [7 ]
Wilairatana, Polrat [8 ]
Mubarak, Mohammad S. [9 ]
机构
[1] Univ Swabi, Dept Chem, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunk, Pakistan
[2] Uttaranchal Univ, Sch Appl & Life Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Dehra Dun 248006, Uttarakhand, India
[3] Al Ain Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Dept, Al Ain 64141, U Arab Emirates
[4] Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria
[5] Daffodil Int Univ, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
[6] Uttarakhand Council Biotechnol UCB, Dehra Dun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
[7] Graph Era Deemed Univ, Dept Life Sci, Dehra Dun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
[8] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
[9] Univ Jordan, Dept Chem, Amman 11942, Jordan
来源
MOLECULES | 2022年 / 27卷 / 10期
关键词
astrocytes; microglia; neuroinflammation; cytokines; inflammation; neurodegenerative diseases; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MOTOR-NEURON DEGENERATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; PRION DISEASE;
D O I
10.3390/molecules27103194
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-1 beta (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.
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页数:25
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