[1] Univ Michigan, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[2] Univ Michigan, Inst Healthcare Policy & Innovat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[3] Univ Michigan, Ctr Healthcare Outcomes & Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[4] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Integrat Res Crit Care, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[5] VA Ann Arbor Hlth Syst, Ctr Clin Management Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA