Fabrication of a dye-sensitized solar cell module using spray pyrolysis deposition of a TiO2 colloid

We provide a complete illustration of dye-sensitized solar module fabrication by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) of a TiO2 colloid having similar to 10 nm sized TiO2 nanoparticles. The process was first optimized for cell level fabrication, and the parameters (mainly the thickness) obtained from the study were subsequently used for module level fabrication. The best efficiency obtained at the cell level (area 0.2 cm(2) and thickness of 12 mm) was 7.79% and that for the (12 cm x 12 cm) module was 3.2%.