Clinical features and surgical outcomes in young children with focal cortical dysplasia type II

Aims To investigate clinical characteristics and surgery outcomes of young children with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II. Methods Young children (onset age <= 6 years) with FCDII who underwent epileptic surgery in Children Epilepsy Center of Peking University First Hospital in 2014-2018 were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery. Results One hundred and twelve children with FCDII were included, with median age of onset 0.9 years (0.01-5.9), who underwent surgery at 4.1 years old (0.8-16.2). Focal seizures were most frequent (90.2%) and epileptic spasms presented in 23 (20.5%) cases. Epileptic encephalopathy was not uncommon (12.5%), associated with earlier epilepsy onset and higher rate of bilateral onset on ictal EEG (OR = 0.213, 9.059; P = .041, .004). At the last follow-up, 88.4% achieved seizure-free. Before surgery, 49.1% showed moderate/severe developmental delay, associated with earlier seizure onset and higher rate of history of epileptic encephalopathy (OR = 0.740, 5.160, P = .023, .042). For 48 children with preoperatively moderate/severe developmental delay, DQ rank at 6 months postsurgery was improved in only four cases. Conclusion For young children with FCDII, they tend to present with epileptic encephalopathies and show moderate/severe developmental delay before surgery. The seizure outcome was favorable after surgery. For children with preoperatively moderate/severe developmental delay, developmental outcome at 6 months after surgery was not satisfactory.