Statistical Analysis of Long-Term Monitoring Data for Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Atmosphere at 20 Monitoring Stations Broadly Indicates Declining Concentrations

被引:38
|
作者
Kong, Deguo [1 ]
MacLeod, Matthew [1 ]
Hung, Hayley [2 ]
Cousins, Ian T. [1 ]
机构
[1] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
关键词
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MASS-BALANCE; PESTICIDES; MODELS; LAKES; PCBS; FATE;
D O I
10.1021/es502909n
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
During recent decades concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere have been monitored at multiple stations worldwide. We used three statistical methods to analyze a total of 748 time series of selected POPs in the atmosphere to determine if there are statistically significant reductions in levels of POPs that have had control actions enacted to restrict or eliminate manufacture, use and emissions. Significant decreasing trends were identified in 560 (75%) of the 748 time series collected from the Arctic, North America, and Europe, indicating that the atmospheric concentrations of these POPs are generally decreasing, consistent with the overall effectiveness of emission control actions. Statistically significant trends in synthetic time series could be reliably identified with the improved Mann-Kendall (iMK) test and the digital filtration (DF) technique in time series longer than 5 years. The temporal trends of new (or emerging) POPs in the atmosphere are often unclear because time series are too short. A statistical detrending method based on the iMK test was not able to identify abrupt changes in the rates of decline of atmospheric POP concentrations encoded into synthetic time series.
引用
收藏
页码:12492 / 12499
页数:8
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