Prediction of Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis Who Had Received Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Study

Background: Early recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is still a clinical problem. This multicenter study evaluated the Milan, Hangzhou, and AFP model-based criteria for prediction of early recurrence of HCC in patients with cirrhosis who had undergone LT. Material/Methods: From the China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) database, we analyzed data of 589 HCC patients who had undergone LT between Jan 2015 and Jan 2019. Imaging data and AFP levels were evaluated immediately before LT. Recurrence and overall survival rates at 2 years were tested using the Kaplan-Meier estimate. The Milan criteria, Hangzhou criteria, and AFP model-based criteria were evaluated. Results: We found that 62.0%, 91.2%, and 67.6% of patients were within the Milan criteria, Hangzhou criteria, and AFP model-based criteria, respectively. The 2-year recurrence rate was 8.9%, 15.8%, and 11.8% with corresponding overall survival of 85.3%, 82.7%, and 86.5%, respectively. The 2-year recurrence rate was different in patients fulfilling and exceeding the AFP model-based criteria among patients who met either the Milan criteria (7.9% vs. 18.8%, HR=3.83, p=0.006) or Hangzhou criteria (12.0% vs. 27.6%, HR=2.95, p<0.001). However, the 2-year recurrence rate was not significantly different among patients who were beyond either the Milan or Hangzhou criteria. Conclusions: For the prediction of early recurrence of HCC in patients with cirrhosis after liver transplantation, Milan criteria, Hangzhou criteria, and AFP model-based criteria are effective predictive tools for stratification of patients into low- and high-risk groups of recurrence with different prognoses. The AFP model-based criteria can identify a subgroup of patients with high risk of recurrence among patients who met either Milan or Hangzhou criteria.