Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level during pregnancy and isolated cryptorchidism in male offspring

被引:18
作者
Boyd, Heather A.
Myrup, Charlotte
Wohlfahrt, Jan
Westergaard, Tine
Norgaard-Pedersen, Bent
Melbye, Mads
机构
[1] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
[2] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
关键词
alpha-fetoproteins; cryptorchidism; estrogens; pregnancy; risk factors;
D O I
10.1093/aje/kwj219
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Cryptorchidism is thought to result from a disruption of the androgen-estrogen balance in utero. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) interacts with and may modulate fetal responses to estrogens. Using a cohort of boys born to women participating in a Danish maternal serum AFP screening program between 1980 and 1994, the authors explored whether AFP levels (as reflected by maternal serum AFP levels in gestational weeks 14-22) were associated with the risk of isolated cryptorchidism in male offspring. Cryptorchidism diagnoses and covariate information were obtained from Denmark's national health registries. Risk ratios for cryptorchidism by maternal serum AFP multiples of the median were estimated by use of log-linear binomial regression. Of 25,418 boys, 663 (2.6%) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism. After adjustment for confounders, boys with maternal serum AFP levels greater than or equal to 2.5 times the median had a 63% (95% confidence interval: -2, 172) greater risk of cryptorchidism than did boys with maternal serum AFP levels within 25% of the median. High fetal AFP levels may contribute directly to events producing cryptorchidism; alternatively, elevated maternal serum AFP levels may reflect placental dysfunction, some aspect of which contributes to cryptorchidism.
引用
收藏
页码:478 / 486
页数:9
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