The impact of sex and gender on heart-brain axis dysfunction: current concepts and novel perspectives

被引:8
作者
Baroni, Carlotta [1 ]
Lionetti, Vincenzo [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Inst Life Sci, Scuola Super StAnna, Pisa, Italy
[2] Fdn Toscana G Monasterio, UOS Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Pisa, Italy
关键词
heart-brain axis; female; epigenetics; cardiovascular disease; cognitive dysfunction; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTOR;
D O I
10.1139/cjpp-2020-0391
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
The heart-brain axis (HBA) recapitulates all the circuits that regulate bidirectional flow of communication between heart and brain. Several mechanisms may underlie the interdependent relationship involving heterogeneous tissues at rest and during specific target organ injury such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, mood disorders, or dementia. In-depth translational studies of the HBA dysfunction under single-organ injury should include both male and female animals to develop sex- and gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Indeed, sex and gender are determining factors as females and males exhibit significant differences in terms of susceptibility to risk factors, age of onset, severity of symptoms, and outcome. Despite most studies having focused on the male population, we have conducted a careful appraisal of the literature investigating HBA in females. In particular, we have (i) analyzed sex-related heart and brain illnesses, (ii) recapitulated the most significant studies simultaneously conducted on cardio- and cerebro-vascular systems in female populations, and (iii) hypothesized future perspectives for the development of a gender-based approach to HBA dysfunction. Although sex- and gender-oriented research is at its infancy, the impact of sex on HBA dysfunction is opening unexpected new avenues for managing the health of female subjects exposed to risk of lifestyle multi-organ disease.
引用
收藏
页码:151 / 160
页数:10
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