Multi-aspect analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel biomass-driven heat and power cogeneration system; utilization of grey wolf optimizer

In the current work, the feasibility of a novel heat and power cogeneration system comprising a biomass gasifier, a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, a gas turbine cycle, a Stirling engine, and a domestic water heater in a wellorganized design is investigated. The whole system's performance has been appraised, overlooking the role of the Stirling engine. The biomass fuels employed in the gasification process are municipal solid waste (MSW), paper, paddy husk, and wood. Subsequently, the energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental (4E) investigations are applied to conduct a comparative study and designate the best biomass. Consequently, the MSW was recognized as efficient biomass fuel, and the comprehensive parametric study and multi-criteria optimization for the whole system were implemented utilizing this fuel. The optimization process has been performed using the MOGWO algorithm and the LINMAP decision-making approach. The results revealed that the evaluated variables are more sensitive to vary the gas turbine inlet temperature and Stirling engine features than the other parameters. Also, for the MSW, the optimum exergy efficiency and total coat rate of the setup are found to be 46.48% and 401.4 $/h, respectively.