This study examined the amount of exposure to negative environmental risks and their association with parenting attitudes among a group of inner city substance-abusing women. Mothers (N = 198) were recruited at delivery and were part of a randomized longitudinal intervention study for substance-abusing women and their infants. When the infants were 18 months old, a cumulative environmental risk score was calculated for each mother based on nine factors: violence (both domestic and environmental), depression, homelessness, incarceration, number of children, life stress, psychiatric problems, and absence of significant other. Based on their cumulative scores, mothers were placed in a low (N = 106) or high environmental risk group (N = 92). Mothers in the high-risk group had fewer years of education and were younger when their first child was born. Multivariate analyses indicate that mothers in the high-risk group had significantly worse scores on parenting attitude scales. Given the current state of welfare reform, it is important to determine which factors besides maternal substance abuse place these mothers at risk for poor parenting.
