Simulation on Bone Porosity Estimation Using Pulse Echo Technique Ultrasound

The precision of conventional quantitative ultrasonography, which uses parameters such as attenuation and velocity to assess bone health, is still unsurpassed by Dual X-ray absorptiometry, which completely exploits the interaction of ultrasound with bone. The accuracy of ultrasonic assessment using the transmission approach to forecast fracture has improved with the discovery of fast and slow waves that can travel through cancellous bone, although it is still confined to a specific region of the skeletal site. Pulse echo approach is presented to tackle the problem based on previous simulation research by conducting a simulation and experiment to study the interaction of rapid and slow waves with various microstructures of cancellous bone models. Bone models with varying porosity will be investigated using two types of transmissions are used for this study namely Through-Transmission (TT) technique and Pulse-Echo (PE) technique. The received wave is captured and filtered. The mix of fast, and slow wave characteristics, such as signal amplitude, and attenuation are then calculated. These parameter values will be plotted against the porosity of bone models to study their correlation. The performance of the correlation between fast and slow wave parameters acquired using the pulse echo technique will be compared to the performance of the correlation between fast and slow wave parameters obtained using the transmission approach. Overall, the amplitude value for both involved approaches decrease as porosity increases. In most cases, a high correlation value is also seen, demonstrating how strongly the distribution of amplitude depends on the bone porosity percentage.