Incorporating a Hybrid Urease-Carbon Nanotubes Sensitive Nanofilm on Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors for Urea Detection

被引:43
作者
Siqueira, Jose R., Jr. [1 ]
Molinnus, Denise [2 ]
Beging, Stefan [2 ]
Schoening, Michael J. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Fed Univ Triangulo Mineiro UFTM, Inst Exact Sci Nat & Educ, BR-38064200 Uberaba, Brazil
[2] FH Aachen, Inst Nano & Biotechnol INB, D-52428 Julich, Germany
[3] Forschungszentrum Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst PGI 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany
关键词
ELECTROLYTE-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SENSING PERFORMANCE; EFFECT DEVICES; QUANTUM DOTS; PH-SENSOR; BIOSENSORS; MULTILAYER; FILMS;
D O I
10.1021/ac500458s
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The ideal combination among biomolecules and nanomaterials is the key for reaching biosensing units with high sensitivity. The challenge, however, is to find out a stable and sensitive film architecture that can be incorporated on the sensor's surface. In this paper, we report on the benefits of incorporating a layer-by-layer (LbL) nanofilm of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors for detecting urea. Three sensor arrangements were studied in order to investigate the adequate film architecture, involving the LbL film with the enzyme urease: (i) urease immobilized directly onto a bare EIS [EIS-urease] sensor; (ii) urease atop the LbL film over the EIS [EIS-(PAMAM/CNT)-urease] sensor; and (iii) urease sandwiched between the LbL film and another CNT layer [EIS-(PAMAM/CNT)-urease-CNT]. The surface morphology of all three urea-based EIS biosensors was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the biosensing abilities were studied by means of capacitance voltage (C/V) and dynamic constant-capacitance (ConCap) measureaments at urea concentrations ranging from 0.1 mM to 100 mM. The EIS-urease and EIS-(PAMAM/CNT)-urease sensors showed similar sensitivity (similar to 18 mV/decade) and a nonregular signal behavior as the urea concentration increased. On the other hand, the EIS-(PAMAM/CNT)-urease-CNT sensor exhibited a superior output signal performance and higher sensitivity of about 33 mV/decade. The presence of the additional CNT layer was decisive to achieve a urea based EIS sensor with enhanced properties. Such sensitive architecture demonstrates that the incorporation of an adequate hybrid enzyme-nanofilm as sensing unit opens new prospects for biosensing applications using the field-effect sensor platform.
引用
收藏
页码:5370 / 5375
页数:6
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