Four-year retention and risk factors for attrition among members of community ART groups in Tete, Mozambique

被引:94
作者
Decroo, Tom [1 ,2 ]
Koole, Olivier [3 ]
Remartinez, Daniel [4 ]
dos Santos, Natacha [1 ]
Dezembro, Sergio [1 ]
Jofrisse, Mariano [1 ]
Rasschaert, Freya [2 ]
Biot, Marc [5 ]
Laga, Marie [2 ]
机构
[1] Med Sans Frontieres, Tete, Mozambique
[2] Inst Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
[3] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England
[4] Med Sans Frontieres, Maputo, Mozambique
[5] Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium
关键词
antiretroviral therapy; community participation; health services accessibility; HIV; peer support; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT PROGRAM; PATIENT RETENTION; THERAPY PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; CARE; INDIVIDUALS; MORTALITY; LINKAGE; AFRICA; COHORT;
D O I
10.1111/tmi.12278
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
ObjectiveCommunity ART groups (CAG), peer support groups involved in community ART distribution and mutual psychosocial support, were piloted to respond to staggering antiretroviral treatment (ART) attrition in Mozambique. To understand the impact of CAG on long-term retention, we estimated mortality and lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) rates and assessed predictors for attrition. MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Kaplan-Meier techniques were used to estimate mortality and LTFU in CAG. Individual- and CAG-level predictors of attrition were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for site-level clustering. ResultsMortality and LTFU rates among 5729 CAG members were, respectively, 2.1 and 0.1 per 100 person-years. Retention was 97.7% at 12months, 96.0% at 24months, 93.4% at 36months and 91.8% at 48months. At individual level, attrition in CAG was significantly associated with immunosuppression when joining a CAG, and being male. At CAG level, attrition was associated with lack of rotational representation at the clinic, lack of a regular CD4 count among fellow members and linkage to a rural or district clinic compared with linkage to a peri-urban clinic. ConclusionsLong-term retention in this community-based ART model compares favourably with published data on stable ART patients. Nevertheless, to reduce attrition, further efforts need to be made to enrol patients earlier on ART, promote health-seeking behaviour, especially for men, promote a strong peer dynamic to assure rotational representation at the clinic and regular CD4 follow-up and reinforce referral of sick patients. ObjectifLes groupes ART communautaires (GAC), groupes de soutien par les pairs, impliques dans la dispensation communautaire de l'ART et de soutien psychosocial mutuel, ont ete mis a l'essai pour repondre a l'attrition stupefiant dans le traitement antiretroviral (ART) au Mozambique. Pour comprendre l'impact des GAC sur la retention a long terme, nous avons estime les taux de mortalite et de perdus au suivi et avons evalue les facteurs predictifs de l'attrition. MethodesIl s'agit d'une etude de cohorte retrospective. Les techniques de Kaplan-Meier ont ete utilisees pour estimer la mortalite et les perdus au suivi dans les GAC. Les predicteurs de l'attrition a l'echelle individuels et des GAC ont ete evalues en utilisant un modele multivarie de risques proportionnels de Cox, ajustes pour le regroupement au niveau du site. ResultatsLes taux de mortalite et de perdus au suivi parmi 5729 membres de GAC etaient respectivement de 2,1 et 0,1 pour 100 personnes-annees. La retention etait de 97,7%, 96,0%, 93,4% et 91,8% respectivement a 12, 24, 36 et 48 mois. A l'echelle individuelle, l'attrition dans les GAC etait significativement associee a: 1) l'immunosuppression lors de l'adhesion a un GAC et 2) etre de sexe masculin. A l'echelle des GAC, l'attrition etait associee: 1) au manque de rotation de la representation a la clinique; 2) a l'absence de mesure reguliere du taux de CD4 chez les autres membres et 3) a la liaison a une clinique rurale ou de district, compare a la liaison a une clinique periurbaine. ConclusionsLa retention a long terme dans ce modele base sur l'ART communautaire se compare favorablement avec les donnees publiees sur les patients ART stables. Neanmoins, pour reduire l'attrition, des efforts supplementaires devraient etre faits pour: 1) inscrire les patients plus tot a l'ART; 2) promouvoir le comportement de recours a la sante, en particulier pour les hommes; 3) promouvoir une forte dynamique des pairs pour assurer la rotation de la representation a la clinique et un suivi regulier des CD4 et 4) renforcer l'orientation des patients malades. ObjetivoSe pilotaron grupos comunitarios de TAR (GCT), grupos de apoyo entre iguales involucrados en la distribucion comunitaria de TAR y el apoyo psicosocial mutuo, con parte de la respuesta frente a una desercion del TAR abrumadora en Mozambique. Con el fin de entender el impacto de los GCT en la retencion a largo plazo se calcularon la mortalidad y las tasas de perdida durante el seguimiento (PDS) y se evaluaron los vaticinadores de desercion. MetodosEste es un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes. Se utilizaron tecnicas de Kaplan-Meier para calcular la mortalidad y PDS en GCT. Los vaticinadores de desercion, individuales y a nivel de GCT, se examinaron utilizando un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, ajustando para conglomerados a nivel del emplazamiento. ResultadosLa mortalidad y las tasas de PDS entre 5729 miembros de PDS eran respectivamente 2.1 y 0.1 por 100 personas-anos. La retencion era del 97.7%, 96.0%, 93.4% y 91.8% a los 12, 24, 36 y 48 meses respectivamente. A nivel individual, la desercion del GCT estaba asociada de forma significativa con: 1) inmunosupresion en el momento de unirse al GCT; y 2) ser hombre. A nivel del GCT, la desercion estaba asociada con: 1) una falta de representacion rotativa en la clinica; 2) falta de un conteo regular de CD4 entre sus companeros; y 3) remision a una clinica rural o distrital, comparado con remision a una clinica periurbana. ConclusionesLa comparacion de la retencion a largo plazo en este modelo de TAR basado en la comunidad con otros datos publicados de pacientes recibiendo el TAR de forma estable es positiva. Sin embargo, para reducir la desercion se requiere de mas esfuerzos para: 1) incluir los pacientes en TAR en fases mas tempranas; 2) promover el comportamiento de busqueda de salud, especialmente en el caso de los hombres; 3) promover una dinamica dentro del grupo que asegure la representacion rotativa en la clinica y un seguimiento regular de CD4; y 4) reforzar la remision de los pacientes enfermos.
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页码:514 / 521
页数:8
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