ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi

被引：242

作者：

Chowdhary, A. ^{[1
]}

Meis, J. F. ^{[2
,3
]}

Guarro, J. ^{[4
,5
]}

de Hoog, G. S. ^{[6
]}

Kathuria, S. ^{[1
]}

Arendrup, M. C. ^{[7
]}

Arikan-Akdagli, S. ^{[8
]}

Akova, M. ^{[9
]}

Boekhout, T. ^{[6
,10
]}

Caira, M. ^{[11
]}

Guinea, J. ^{[12
,13
,14
]}

Chakrabarti, A. ^{[15
]}

Dannaoui, E. ^{[16
]}

van Diepeningen, A. ^{[6
]}

Freiberger, T. ^{[17
]}

Groll, A. H. ^{[18
,19
]}

Hope, W. W. ^{[20
]}

Johnson, E. ^{[21
]}

Lackner, M. ^{[22
]}

Lagrou, K. ^{[23
]}

Lanternier, F. ^{[24
,25
]}

Lass-Floerl, C. ^{[22
]}

Lortholary, O. ^{[24
,25
]}

Meletiadis, J. ^{[26
]}

Munoz, P. ^{[12
,13
,14
]}

Pagano, L. ^{[11
]}

Petrikkos, G. ^{[27
]}

Richardson, M. D. ^{[28
,29
]}

Roilides, E. ^{[30
]}

Skiada, A. ^{[31
]}

Tortorano, A. M. ^{[32
]}

Ullmann, A. J. ^{[33
]}

Verweij, P. E. ^{[3
]}

Cornely, O. A. ^{[34
,35
]}

Cuenca-Estrella, M.

机构：

[1] Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, Delhi 110007, India

[2] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[3] Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[4] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Med, E-43201 Reus, Spain

[5] Univ Rovira & Virgili, IISPV, E-43201 Reus, Spain

[6] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands

[7] State Serum Inst, Dept Microbiol & Infect Control, Unit Mycol, Copenhagen, Denmark

[8] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Ankara, Turkey

[9] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Ankara, Turkey

[10] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med & Infect Dis, Utrecht, Netherlands

[11] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dept Haematol, I-00168 Rome, Italy

[12] Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain

[13] Ciber Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Madrid, Spain

[14] Univ Complutense, Dept Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[15] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India

[16] Univ Paris 05, Hop Europe Georges Pompidou, AP HP, Unite Parasitol Mycol,Serv Microbiol,Fac Med, Paris, France

[17] Masaryk Univ, Mol Immunol & Microbiol RG, Cent European Inst Technol EITEC, Ctr Cardiovasc Surg & Transplantat,Mol Genet Lab, Brno, Czech Republic

[18] Univ Hosp Munster, Ctr Bone Marrow Transplantat, Infect Dis Res Programme, Munster, Germany

[19] Univ Hosp Munster, Dept Paediat Haematol Oncol, Munster, Germany

[20] Univ Liverpool, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England

[21] PHE South West Lab, Publ Hlth England Mycol Reference Lab, Bristol, Avon, England

[22] Med Univ Innsbruck, Div Hyg & Med Microbiol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[23] UZ Leuven, Dept Med Diagnost Sci, Louvain, Belgium

[24] Univ Paris 05, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, APHP,Ctr Infectiol Necker Pasteur, Serv Malad Infect & Trop,Inst Imagine, Paris, France

[25] Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Mycoses Invas & Antifong, Unite Mycol Mol, Paris, France

[26] Univ Gen Hosp Attikon, Clin Microbiol Lab, Athens, Greece

[27] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Sch Med, Univ Gen Hosp Attikon, Dept Internal Med 4, Athens 11528, Greece

[28] Univ S Manchester Hosp, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Mycol Reference Ctr, Manchester M20 8LR, Lancs, England

[29] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England

[30] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Med, Hipokrat Hosp, Infect Dis Unit,Dept Paediat 3, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece

[31] Univ Athens, Laikon Gen Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, Greece

[32] Univ Milan, Dept Biomed Sci Hlth, Milan, Italy

[33] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Internal Med 2, Div Infect Dis, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany

[34] Univ Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Clin Trials Ctr Cologne, Dept Internal Med 1, D-50931 Cologne, Germany

[35] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Madrid, Spain

来源：

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION | 2014年 / 20卷

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

Clinical presentation; diagnosis; guideline; mycosis; phaeohyphomycosis; prophylaxis; treatment; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OCHROCONIS-GALLOPAVUM INFECTION; VITRO ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA INFECTION; RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; SCEDOSPORIUM-PROLIFICANS INFECTION; EXOPHIALA-DERMATITIDIS INFECTION; AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS;

D O I：

10.1111/1469-0691.12515

中图分类号：

R51 [传染病];

学科分类号：

100401 ;

摘要：

The aetiological agents of many invasive fungal infections are saprobes and opportunistic pathogens. Some of these fungi are darkly pigmented due to melanin production and traditionally have been named dematiaceous'. The melanized fungi cause a wide array of clinical syndromes ranging from superficial to deep-seated infections. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of clinical specimens and on examination of cultures. Sequencing is recommended for accurate species identification, especially for unusual or newly described pathogens. In cases of mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, pathognomonic histological findings are useful and the Fontana-Masson stain, specific for melanin, usually confirms the diagnosis. There are no standardized therapies but voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole demonstrate the most consistent in vitro activity against this group of fungi. Oral itraconazole has been considered the drug of choice, given the extensive clinical experience with this drug. However, voriconazole may presumably be superior for central nervous system infections because of its ability to achieve good levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Posaconazole is a well-tolerated alternative drug, backed by less clinical experience but with excellent salvage treatment results after failure of other antifungals. Amphotericin B has been useful as alternative therapy in some cases. Combination antifungal therapy is recommended for cerebral abscesses when surgery is not possible and for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients.

引用

页码：47 / 75

页数：29

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