Defect Dynamics in Self-Catalyzed III-V Semiconductor Nanowires

The droplet consumption step in self-catalyzed III-V semiconductor nanowires can produce material that contains a high density of line defects. Interestingly, these defects are often associated with twin boundaries and have null Burgers vector, i.e., no long-range strain field. Here, we analyze their stability by considering the forces that act on them and use in situ aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to observe their behavior in GaAsP nanowires (NWs) using short annealing cycles. Their movement appears to be consistent with the thermally activated single- or double-kink mechanisms of dislocation glide, with velocities that do not exceed 1 nm s(-1). We find that motion of individual defects depends on their size, position, and surrounding environment and set an upper limit to activation energy around 2 eV. The majority of defects (>70%) are removed by our postgrowth annealing for several seconds at temperatures in excess of 640 degrees C, suggesting that in situ annealing during growth at lower temperatures would significantly improve material quality. The remaining defects do not move at all and are thermodynamically stable in the nanowire.