A Community-Based Positive Deviance/Hearth Infant and Young Child Nutrition Intervention in Ecuador Improved Diet and Reduced Underweight

Objective: Underweight and stunting are serious problems in Ecuador that require interventions in the first 2 years of life. The researchers assessed the effectiveness of a Positive Deviance (PD)/Hearth community-based intervention using local foods to improve infant and young children's nutrition. Design: A quasi-experimental nonrandomized study was conducted between March and October, 2009. Setting: The intervention and study were implemented in the Ecuadorian highlands provinces of Chim-borazo and Tungurahua. Participants: Eighty mother-child pairs in 6 intervention communities and 184 mother-child pairs in 9 comparison communities. Intervention: Mothers met in participatory peer-led PD/Hearth cooking and nutrition education sessions for 12 days. Main Outcome Measures: Dietary intake and nutritional status were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Analysis: Multiple linear and logistic regression were used for growth outcomes, and ANCOVA for mean dietary intakes. Results: Mothers in the intervention were 1.3-5.7 times more likely to feed their children the promoted foods (P < .05). Children in the intervention consumed a higher percentage of recommended intakes for iron, zinc, vitamin A, protein, and energy (P < .05) at follow-up and had improvements in weight-for-age z-score (beta = .17; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.31). Likelihood of underweight was reduced for children in the intervention (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.96) Conclusions and Implications: The PD/Hearth interventions support mothers to improve infant and young children's nutrition practices and reduce underweight.