Tropical dermatology: Tropical diseases caused by protozoa

被引:36
作者
Lupi, Omar [2 ]
Bartlett, Brenda L. [6 ]
Haugen, Reshma Nair [3 ]
Dy, Lady C. [3 ]
Sethi, Aisha [7 ]
Klaus, Sidney N. [8 ]
Pinto, Jackson Machado [4 ]
Bravo, Francisco [5 ]
Trying, Stephen K. [1 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA
[2] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Dermatol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[3] Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
[4] Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
[5] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Alberto Hurtado Fac Med, Alexander Humboldt Inst Trop Med, Lima, Peru
[6] Ctr Clin Studies, Houston, TX USA
[7] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[8] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Med Dermatol, Hannover, Germany
关键词
amebiasis; Chagas disease; leishmaniasis; pneumocystosis; protozoa; toxoplasmosis; trypanosomiasis; GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMINOSIDINE PAROMOMYCIN OINTMENT; WORLD CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; BLIND CLINICAL-TRIAL; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jaad.2009.03.004
中图分类号
R75 [皮肤病学与性病学];
学科分类号
100206 ;
摘要
Protozoan infections are very common among tropical countries and have an important impact on public health. Leishmaniasis is the most widely disseminated protozoan infection in the world, while the trypanosomiases are widespread in both Africa and South America. Amebiasis, a less common protozoal infection, is a cause of significant morbidity in some regions. Toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis (formerly thought to be caused by a protozoan) are worldwide parasitic infections with a very high incidence in immunocompromised patients but are not restricted to them. In the past, most protozoan infections were restricted to specific geographic areas and natural reservoirs. There are cases in which people from other regions may have come in contact with these pathogens. A common situation involves an accidental contamination of a traveler, tourist, soldier, or worker that has contact with a reservior that contains the infection. Protozoan infections can be transmitted by arthropods, such as sandflies in the case of leishmaniasis or bugs in the case of trypanosomiases. Vertebrates also severe as vectors as in the case of toxoplasmosis and its transmission by domestic cats. The recognition of the clinical symptoms and the dermatologic findings of these diseases, and a knowledge of the geographic distribution of the pathogen, can be critical in making the diagnosis of a protozoan infection. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:897-925.)
引用
收藏
页码:897 / 925
页数:29
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