CCL2, CCL5, IL4 and IL15 Gene Polymorphisms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. Several studies suggest that inflammation contributes to pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and the development of glucose intolerance. The aim of this study is to examine the association between the CCL2, CCL5, IL4 and IL15 gene polymorphisms and the development of GDM. This study included 411 pregnant women who underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Participants were categorised into 2 groups according to results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The GDM group included 204 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM. The normal glucose tolerance group included 207 pregnant women with normal values in the OGTT. To discriminate the CCL2 rs1024611 and rs4586, CCL5 rs2107538, IL4 rs2243250, IL15 rs2857261 and rs2254514 alleles, TaqMan (R) Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assays were used. GDM was significantly associated with genotypes and alleles of the CCL2 rs1024611 and rs4586 polymorphisms, while there was no statistically significant association between the CCL5 rs2107538, IL4 rs2243250, IL15 rs2857261, and rs2254514 gene polymorphisms and GDM. In a multivariate regression analysis, age and BMI before pregnancy were independent significant predictors of a higher risk of GDM, while a lower number of G alleles CCL2 rs1024611 was protective against GDM. Moreover, women with the GG CCL2 rs1024611 and CC rs4586 genotype tended to have lower body mass and BMI increases during pregnancy, as well as lower newborn body mass. The results of our study suggest an association between CCL2 gene polymorphisms and GDM.