Cardiovascular disease prevention in Russia: Challenges and opportunities

Objectives: This paper examines the challenges that have faced the implementation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programmes in Russia since the 1980s in two regions of Russia, and identifies opportunities for improving such efforts. Study design and methods: This study used a mixed methods design consisting of archival data review of health-related policy documents and legislation, and key informant interviews. Results: CVD is the leading cause of death in Russia, with rapid increases in prevalence following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The MONICA, Tacis and CINDI programmes have played major roles in the development of non-communicable and CVD prevention policies and programmes in Russia since the 1980s. These programmes have assisted in policy and guideline development, and programme implementation. However, significant barriers in realizing such policies and sustaining prevention programmes have been encountered. Conclusion: Numerous barriers exist in developing and implementing CVD prevention programmes in Russia. More government engagement backed by strong public support is necessary in order to sustain and build capacity for CVD prevention in Russia. (c) 2005 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.