A synthesis of case histories on GRS bridge-supporting structures with flexible facing

This paper synthesizes the measured behavior and experiences gained from case histories of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge-supporting structures with "flexible" facings. Only bridge-supporting structures with wrapped-face, modular block face, and rock face are included in the synthesis. The case histories were grouped into two categories: in-service structures and field experiments. Four in-service structures and six full-scale field experiments from the US and abroad were reviewed. All the structures have been instrumented to monitor their performance under applied loads, with some being loaded to failure. The essential features and performance of each case history are briefly described in the paper. A table summarizing the main features of the GRS bridge-supporting structures is also presented. The table shows comparisons of the bridge-supporting structures in terms of wall height, backfill, reinforcement type, reinforcement spacing, facing type and connection, ratio of reinforcement length to wall height, maximum settlement of the loading slab, maximum lateral movement of the wall face, maximum reinforcement strain, and failure surcharge pressure. Based on the measured performance of the case histories, observations are made in relation to performance, design, and construction of GRS bridge-supporting structures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.