Generation of Coherent Extreme-Ultraviolet Radiation Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum

We propose an effective scheme for the generation of intense coherent extreme-ultraviolet light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). The light is produced by a high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser (FEL), seeded using a laser pulse with a transverse staircaselike phase pattern. During amplification, diffraction and mode selection drive the radiation profile towards a dominant OAM mode at saturation. With a seed laser at 260 nm, gigawatt power levels are obtained at wavelengths approaching those of soft x rays. Compared to other proposed schemes to generate OAM with FELs, our approach is robust, easier to implement, and can be integrated into already existing FEL facilities without extensive modifications of the machine layout.