Combined effects of photobiomodulation and alendronate on viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP). Photobiomodulation (PBM) has positive effects on healthy BMMSCs. The goal of current experiment was to evaluate the combined influence of photobiomodulation PBM and alendronate (ALN) incubation on ovariectomized induced osteoporosis(OVX)- BMMSC viability in vitro. 15 female adult Wistar rats were distributed into the 2 groups: (1) 3 healthy (sham)control rats, (2) 12 OVX rats. All OVX rats underwent ovariectomy. After 3.5 months sham and OVX rats were euthanized and their MSC harvested and cultured in a complete osteogenic incubation medium (OM). As the next step, in sham and OVX groups flowcytometry and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed. OVX- rats were divided into (2) OVX-control, (3) OVX- PBM (He-Ne laser, 623.8 nm, 1.2 J/cm(2), one time), (4) OVX-ALN (10(-8) M, three times incubations), and (5) OVX-PBM + ALN, Finally BMMSC viability of all five groups were evaluated using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Based on our observations, PBM significantly increased optical density of OVX-BMMSCs (2.15 +/- 0.11) compared to control -OVX-BMMSCs (1.55 +/- 0.10) and healthy -BMMSCs (1.65 +/- 0.10)(LSD test, both p < 0.05). Further, we found that both ALN, and ALN + PBM significantly increased optical densities of OVX-BMMSCs (24 h:2.40 +/- 0.03;48 h:2.06 +/- 0.00[ALN],both p < 0.01) and 1.88 +/- 0.05[ALN + PBM], p < 0.05 compared to control -OVX-BMMSCs (24 h: 1.46 +/- 0.01; 48 h: 1.83 +/- 0.00 and 1.57 +/- 0.08). It was concluded that PBM significantly increased cell viability of OVX-BMMSCs compared to control -OVX-BMMSCs and healthy -BMMSCs.