Are socio-emotional and neurocognitive functioning predictors of therapeutic outcomes for adults with anorexia nervosa?

Background: Emotional, social, and neurocognitive factors are theorised to maintain anorexia nervosa (AN). Yet whether they predict outcomes or relate to clinical change remains unclear. Methods: Seventy-one consecutive adult outpatient eating disorder service referrals presenting with AN, who participated in a randomised controlled trial comparing 2 psychotherapies, were assessed for emotional processing, social cognition, and neurocognition pretherapy and posttherapy. Intention-to-treat analysis employed maximum-likelihood methods to model missing data. Baseline self-reported emotional processing, social cognitive, or neurocognitive task performance was entered into forward stepwise regression models with posttreatment clinical outcomes (weight, eating disorder psychopathology, psychosocial functioning) as dependent variables. Correlation analyses examined relationships between clinical and self-report/task score change. Results: Self-reported emotional avoidance (behavioural/cognitive avoidance, low acceptance) and submissive behaviour predicted clinical outcomes. Social cognitive (emotion recognition, emotional theory of mind) and neurocognitive performance (set-shifting, detail focus) had limited predictive ability. Conclusions: Emotional avoidance and submissiveness may represent maintenance factors for AN.