Seasonal influence on adherence to and effects of an interval walking training program on sedentary female college students in Japan

Habitual exercise training is recommended to young people for their health promotion, but adherence may be influenced by atmospheric temperature (T (a) ) if performed outdoors. We compared the adherence to and the effects of a home-based interval walking training (IWT) program on sedentary female college students between winter and summer. For summer training over 176 days, 48 subjects (18-22 years old) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CNTsummer, n = 24), which maintained a sedentary lifestyle as before, and the IWT group (IWTsummer, n = 24), which performed IWT while energy expenditure was monitored by accelerometry. For winter training over 133 days, another group of 47 subjects (18-24 years old) was randomly divided into CNTwinter (n = 24) and IWTwinter (n = 23), as in summer. The peak T (a) per day was 26 +/- 6 A degrees C (SD) (range of 9-35 A degrees C) in summer, much higher than 7 +/- 5 A degrees C (range of - 3-20 A degrees C) in winter (P < 0.001). During a similar to 50-day vacation period, participants walked 2.1 +/- 0.3 (SE) days/week in IWTsummer, less than 4.2 +/- 0.3 days/week in IWTwinter (P < 0.001), with half of the energy expenditure/week for fast walking during the winter vacation (P < 0.02), whereas both IWT groups walked similar to 2 days/week during a school period (P > 0.8). After training, the peak aerobic capacity and knee flexion force increased in IWTwinter (P < 0.01) but not in CNTwinter (P > 0.3). Conversely, these parameters decreased in the summer groups. Thus, the adherence to and effects of IWT on sedentary female college students in Japan decreased in summer at least partially due to a high T (a) .