Use of Oil Red O stain in the cytologic diagnosis of canine liposarcoma

Background: Oil Red 0, a stain commonly used to demonstrate lipid in frozen tissue, also may be used to stain air-dried cytologic specimens. Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the value of Oil Red 0 in identifying lipid to aid in the differentiation of liposarcomas from other types of sarcoma. Methods: Twelve tumor specimens from dogs were evaluated. The tumors were included in the study if initial cytologic evaluation indicated a sarcoma, and if histologic confirmation was available. Oil Red 0 was applied to all cytologic specimens. Results: Tumor specimens were diagnosed histologically as liposarcoma (3 well-differentiated, 1 pleomorphic), hemangiopericytoma (n = 3), fibrosarcoma (n = 3), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n = 1), and undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 1). Cytologic specimens from all liposarcomas showed strong positive staining of cytoplasmic vacuoles for lipid. Specimens from other sarcomas stained negative for Oil Red 0, with the exception of weak, irregular positive staining in I hemangiopericytoma. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Oil Red 0 staining may be an easy, inexpensive, and useful diagnostic tool for the differentiation of liposarcoma from other mesenchymal neoplasms.