Surgery, Stereotactic Radiosurgery, and Systemic Therapy in the Management of Operable Brain Metastasis

center dot Brain metastases represent the most common brain tumors in adults. center dot Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of metastases versus pri-mary tumors have allowed for tailoring systemic therapies in those with actionable alter-ations and the introduction of immunotherapies has provided additional treatment options for a broad range of malignancies. center dot Technical advances in surgical techniques with intraoperative image guidance and elec-trophysiologic mapping have improved surgical outcomes and innovative radiotherapy approaches, such as preoperative or postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery, continue to improve local control rates. center dot Given the complexity of managing operable patients with brain metastases in the modern era, multi-disciplinary care is critical to improving patient outcomes.