Influence of pore structure and moisture distribution on chloride "maximum phenomenon" in surface layer of specimens exposed to cyclic drying-wetting condition

Numerical research discovers a phenomenon that chloride content first climbs to the maximum then descends with depth increasing in surface layer of concrete under cyclic drying-wetting environments, which is temporally called "maximum phenomenon" in this paper for convenience. This phenomenon consists of two characteristic parameters: the maximum chloride content C-max and the depth Delta x at which C-max appears. This research mainly focuses on the impact of pore structure and moisture distribution on maximum phenomenon, specifically the two parameters of it. The influence of pore structure on maximum phenomenon is illustrated from three aspects: total porosity, the critical pore size and water absorption porosity (P-c). The increase of total porosity leads to increase of C-max. And larger critical pore size renders C-max occur at a deeper position. Moreover, C-max and Delta x both increase with water absorption porosity (P-c). The impact of moisture distribution on maximum phenomenon is investigated from non saturation degree (S-non) and relative humidity (RH). The higher the S-non is, the greater the C-max and Delta x are. However, both C-max and Delta x decline with RH rising up, and the influence of RH on them is more significant approximating the exposed surface. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.