Adopting the Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in the Social Science Research: Justifying the Underpinning Philosophical Orientation

Adopting certain methodologies in the social science research requires researchers to understand the procedural framework within which the research is conducted. In fact, researchers need to consider many factors before choosing an appropriate methodology with the topic or subject to be researched while making the specific research questions as the main drivers. As suggested in the previous literature, there are several areas to be considered in deciding research method, which includes the context of the study or phenomenon, the research goals, the level and nature of research questions, practical reflection and resource availability. On the other hand, in general, many recognize that the researcher's personal philosophy and beliefs have some influences on the adoption of certain research methods. The traditional perspective of research methodology states that there are two general approaches - the quantitative and qualitative research. Conversely, how a researcher conducts research activities may be influenced by the researcher's philosophical stance. The research philosophy provides 'foundations' for the research done in particular scientific specialisms. Previous literature suggests that understanding philosophy helps to refine and specify which research methods to be used to clarify the type of evidence gathered and its source as to answer the research questions; to evaluate different methodologies and methods that could avoid inappropriate use of methods and to be creative and innovative in either selection or adaptation of methods. This article discusses the rationale of choosing an appropriate research approach by discussing the paradigm of interpretivism and positivism, which normally associated with the qualitative and quantitative research approach.