Inference of gene regulatory networks based on nonlinear ordinary differential equations

Motivation: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) capture the regulatory interactions between genes, resulting from the fundamental biological process of transcription and translation. In some cases, the topology of GRNs is not known, and has to be inferred from gene expression data. Most of the existing GRNs reconstruction algorithms are either applied to time-series data or steady-state data. Although time-series data include more information about the system dynamics, steady-state data imply stability of the underlying regulatory networks. Results: In this article, we propose a method for inferring GRNs from time-series and steady-state data jointly. We make use of a non-linear ordinary differential equations framework to model dynamic gene regulation and an importance measurement strategy to infer all putative regulatory links efficiently. The proposed method is evaluated extensively on the artificial DREAM4 dataset and two real gene expression datasets of yeast and Escherichia coli. Based on public benchmark datasets, the proposed method outperforms other popular inference algorithms in terms of overall score. By comparing the performance on the datasets with different scales, the results show that our method still keeps good robustness and accuracy at a low computational complexity.