Transmission bottlenecks and RNAi collectively influence tick-borne flavivirus evolution

被引:40
作者
Grubaugh, Nathan D. [1 ,3 ]
Ruckert, Claudia [1 ]
Armstrong, Philip M. [2 ]
Bransfield, Angela [2 ]
Anderson, John F. [2 ]
Ebel, Gregory D. [1 ]
Brackney, Doug E. [2 ]
机构
[1] Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO USA
[2] Ctr Vector Biol & Zoonot Dis, Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
[3] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol & Microbial Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
关键词
flavivirus; evolution; Powassan virus; RNAi; Ixodes; tick; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NATURALLY INFECTED MOSQUITOS; POWASSAN VIRUS; CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NEW-ENGLAND; HOST; INTERFERENCE;
D O I
10.1093/ve/vew033
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Arthropod-borne RNA viruses exist within hosts as heterogeneous populations of viral variants and, as a result, possess great genetic plasticity. Understanding the micro-evolutionary forces shaping these viruses can provide insights into how they emerge, adapt, and persist in new and changing ecological niches. While considerable attention has been directed toward studying the population dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses, little is known about tick-borne virus populations. Therefore, using a mouse and Ixodes scapularis tick transmission model, we examined Powassan virus (POWV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) populations in and between both the vertebrate host and arthropod vector. We found that genetic bottlenecks, RNAi-mediated diversification, and selective constraints collectively influence POWV evolution. Together, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for the slow, long-term evolutionary trends of POWV, and suggest that all arthropod-borne viruses encounter similar selective pressures at the molecular level (i.e. RNAi), yet evolve much differently due to their unique rates and modes of transmission.
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页数:14
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