Automatic Detection of Driver Impairment Based on Pupillary Light Reflex

被引:40
作者
Amodio, Alessandro [1 ]
Ermidoro, Michele [2 ]
Maggi, Davide [3 ]
Formentin, Simone [1 ]
Savaresi, Sergio Matteo [1 ]
机构
[1] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[2] Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Gest Informaz & Prod, I-24044 Dalmine, Italy
[3] Univ Leeds, Inst Transport Studies, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
关键词
ADAS; system identification; video processing; pupil dynamics; classification; support vector machine; SLEEP;
D O I
10.1109/TITS.2018.2871262
中图分类号
TU [建筑科学];
学科分类号
0813 ;
摘要
The main objective of this paper is to determine the feasibility of designing a driver drunkenness detection system based on the dynamic analysis of a subject's pupillary light reflex (PLR). This involuntary reaction is widely utilized in the medical field to diagnose a variety of diseases, and in this paper, the effectiveness of such a method to reveal an impairment condition due to alcohol abuse is evaluated. The test method consists in applying a light stimulus to one eye of the subject and to capture the dynamics of constriction of both eyes; for extracting the pupil size profiles from the video sequences, a two-step methodology is described, where in the first phase, the iris/pupil search within the image is performed, and in the second stage, the image is cropped to perform pupil detection on a smaller image to improve time efficiency. The undesired pupil dynamics arising in the PLR are defined and evaluated; a spontaneous oscillation of the pupil diameter is observed in the range [0, 2] Hz and the accommodation reflex causes pupil constriction of about 10% of the His diameter. A database of pupillary light responses is acquired on different subjects in baseline condition and after alcohol consumption, and for each one, a first-order model is identified. A set of features is introduced to compare the two populations of responses and is used to design a support vector machine classifier to discriminate between "Sober" and "Drunk" states.
引用
收藏
页码:3038 / 3048
页数:11
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