Endonasal endoscopic surgery of choanal atresia - long term results

Introduction Choanal atresia is a rare abnormality. As neonates depend on transnasal respiration, bilateral choanal atresia causes an acute emergency. Transnasal endoscopic resection of congenital choanal atresia is a well-established therapy. However, the surgical technique has not yet been standardized. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed with a follow-up examination between 9 to 87 months after surgery. 11 patients (7 with unilateral atresia, 4 with bilateral atresia) were included. The choana was opened and enlarged endoscopically by resection of the posterior septal wall and bony reduction up to skull base and nasal floor. Intraoperative handling, intra-and postoperative complications, restenosis and adequate respiratory function were assessed. Results No intraoperative complications could be observed. Three premature babies underwent surgical intervention within their first postnatal week with an average weight of 2540 g. 2/11 patients suffered from a minor episode of epistaxis as a postoperative complication. Long-term success without restenosis was 73 % (for unilateral atresia) and 100 % for bilateral (atresia). Conclusions Choosing an endonasal endoscopic approach to resect choanal atresia via resection of the posterior septal wall and circular bony reduction is a successful therapy with low morbidity.