Universal fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation

Certain physical systems that one might consider for fault-tolerant quantum computing where qubits do not readily interact, for instance photons, are better suited for measurement-based quantum-computational protocols. Here we propose a measurement-based model for universal quantum computation that simulates the braiding and fusion of Majorana modes. To derive our model we develop a general framework that maps any scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation with stabilizer codes into the measurement-based picture. As such, our framework gives an explicit way of producing fault-tolerant models of universal quantum computation with linear optics using any protocol developed using the stabilizer formalism. Given the remarkable fault-tolerant properties that Majorana modes promise, the main example we present offers a robust and resource-efficient proposal for photonic quantum computation.