Arctic Ocean: Is It a Sink or a Source of Atmospheric Mercury?

被引：58

作者：

Dastoor, Ashu P. ^{[1
]}

Durnford, Dorothy A. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada

[2] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2014年 / 48卷 / 03期

关键词：

METHYLATED MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SURFACE WATERS; MASS-BALANCE; BEAUFORT SEA; RIVER-BASIN; DEPOSITION; SNOW; CANADA;

D O I：

10.1021/es404473e

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

High levels of mercury in marine mammals threaten the health of Arctic inhabitants. Whether the Arctic Ocean (AO) is a sink or a source of atmospheric mercury is unknown. Given the paucity of observations in the Arctic, models are useful in addressing this question. GEOS-Chem and GRAHM, two complex numerical mercury models, present contrasting pictures of atmospheric mercury input to AO at 45 and 108 Mg yr(-1), respectively, and ocean evasion at 90 and 33 Mg yr(-1), respectively. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of GRAHM simulated atmospheric mercury input to AO using mercury observations in air, precipitation and snowpacks, and an analysis of the discrepancy between the two modeling estimates using observations. We discover two peaks in high-latitude summertime concentrations of atmospheric mercury. We show that the first is caused mainly by snowmelt revolatilization and the second by AO evasion of mercury. Riverine mercury export to AO is estimated at 50 Mg yr(-1) based on measured DOC export and at 15.5-31 Mg yr(-1) based on simulated mercury in meltwater. The range of simulated mercury fluxes to and from AO reflects uncertainties in modeling mercury in the Arctic; comprehensive observations in all compartments of the Arctic ecosystem are needed to close the gap.

引用

页码：1707 / 1717

页数：11

共 69 条

[41]

Mason R., 2009, MERCURY FATE TRANSPO, P587

[42] A mass balance inventory of mercury in the Arctic Ocean [J].

Outridge, P. M. ;

Macdonald, R. W. ;

Wang, F. ;

Stern, G. A. ;

Dastoor, A. P. .

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, 2008, 5 (02) :89-111

[43] Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020 [J].

Pacyna, E. G. ;

Pacyna, J. M. ;

Sundseth, K. ;

Munthe, J. ;

Kindbom, K. ;

Wilson, S. ;

Steenhuisen, F. ;

Maxson, P. .

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 44 (20) :2487-2499

[44] Analysis of the data of long-term monitoring of atmospheric mercury content and meteorological parameters at Amderma polar station [J].

Pankratov, F. F. ;

Konoplev, A. V. ;

Makhura, A. ;

Kats, O. V. .

RUSSIAN METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY, 2013, 38 (06) :405-413

[45] Mercury water-air exchange over the Upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario [J].

Poissant, L ;

Amyot, M ;

Pilote, M ;

Lean, D .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 34 (15) :3069-3078

[46] Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models III: Boundary and initial conditions, model grid resolution, and Hg(II) reduction mechanism [J].

Pongprueksa, Pruek ;

Lin, Che-Jen ;

Lindberg, Steve E. ;

Jang, Carey ;

Braverman, Thomas ;

Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. ;

Ho, Thomas C. ;

Chu, Hsing-Wei .

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2008, 42 (08) :1828-1845

[47] Influence of temperate mixed and deciduous tree covers on Hg concentrations and photoredox transformations in snow [J].

Poulain, Alexandre J. ;

Roy, Virginie ;

Amyot, Marc .

GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA, 2007, 71 (10) :2448-2462

[48] Mercury (Hg) Transport in a High Arctic River in Northeast Greenland [J].

Riget, Frank ;

Tamstorf, Mikkel P. ;

Larsen, Martin M. ;

Sondergaard, Jens ;

Asmund, Gert ;

Falk, Julie Maria ;

Sigsgaard, Charlotte .

WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, 2011, 222 (1-4) :233-242

[49] Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 2. Modelling results vs. long-term observations and comparison of country deposition budgets [J].

Ryaboshapko, Alexey ;

Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. ;

Christensen, Jesper ;

Cohen, Mark ;

Dastoor, Ashu ;

Ilyin, Ilia ;

Petersen, Gerhard ;

Syrakov, Dimiter ;

Travnikov, Oleg ;

Artz, Richard S. ;

Davignon, Didier ;

Draxler, Roland R. ;

Munthe, John ;

Pacyna, Jozef .

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2007, 377 (2-3) :319-333

[50] Intercomparison study of atmospheric mercury models: 1. Comparison of models with short-term measurements [J].

Ryaboshapko, Alexey ;

Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. ;

Christensen, Jesper ;

Cohen, Mark ;

Dastoor, Ashu ;

Ilyin, Ilia ;

Petersen, Gerhard ;

Syrakov, Dimiter ;

Artz, Richard S. ;

Davignon, Didier ;

Draxler, Roland R. ;

Munthe, John .

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2007, 376 (1-3) :228-240

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 →