Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection suggesting visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected patient

BACKGROUND: Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by Penicillium marneffei In Southeast Asia, this infection is common in HIV-infected patients but few cases have been reported in Europe CASE REPORT: The patient lived in southern France. He had HIV infection and was immuno-compromised. The clinical signs suggested visceral leishmaniasis, iterative travels to Southeast Asia were reported leading to the diagnosis of P. marneffei infection. DISCUSSION: In southern France, imported penicilliosis marneffei may be misdiagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis.