Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrocephalus: Physiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found around and inside the brain and vertebral column. CSF plays a crucial role in the protection and homeostasis of neural tissue. Methods: Key points on the physiology of CSF as well as the diagnostic and treatment options for hydrocephalus are discussed. Results: Understanding the fundamentals of the production, absorption, dynamics, and pathophysiology of CSF is crucial for addressing hydrocephalus. Shunts and endoscopic third ventriculostomy have changed the therapeutic landscape of hydrocephalus. Conclusions: The treatment of hydrocephalus in adults and children represents a large part of everyday practice for the neurologist, both in benign cases and cancer-related diagnoses.