Morphing models of a bat wing in flapping flight

Kinematic models, which contain flapping and deformations, of a bat flapping wing when it flies at medium speeds are presented in the study. The deformations include cambering - morphing in the chordwise direction, bending - morphing in the spanwise direction and twisting respecting angles of attack (AOA) varying along the length of the wing. In the study, we assumed a circular-arc-shaped deformation when cambering or bending occurs, and introduced controlling parameters for each morphing. Then we showed the expressions of the controlling parameters varying with time at the bat flight speed of 3m/s according to the data provided by a literature, and verified the reasonability of the assumptions at last.