Can functional electric stimulation-assisted rowing reproduce a race-winning rowing stroke?

Objective: To compare the ergometer rowing technique of a person with spinal cord injury (SCI), using functional electric stimulation (FES) of his leg muscles, with that of a well-defined group of able-bodied rowers. Design: Whole-body kinematics and kinetics and electric activity of selected muscles were measured during ergometer rowing. Setting: A hospital-based motion analysis laboratory. Participants: Five male university varsity-level rowers and 1 male rower with SCI. Interventions: Eight rowing trials were collected on the university-level rowers, 2 trials each at 20, 24, 28, and 32 strokes/min. The rower with SCI had surface electrodes applied to his medial hamstrings and medial quadriceps muscle bellies. The electrodes were attached to a stimulator that was activated using a button in the ergometer handle. The subject with SCI rowed at a self-selected stroke rate. Main Outcome Measures: Forces at the ergometer handle and foot cradle, 3-dimensional whole-body kinematics, net joint moments, and phasic activity of muscles. Results: Motion of the arms, ankles, and knees of the rower with SCI was similar to those of the university-level rowers; other joint motions and forces applied to the ergometer differed. Conclusions: FES-assisted rowing in its current implementation cannot reproduce a race-winning rowing stroke. Further development work is required. (C) 2004 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.