Maternal dietary pattern in early pregnancy is associated with gestational weight gain and hyperglycemia: A cohort study in South West of Iran

Background and aims: Maternal dietary pattern could influence on fetal health outcome. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between maternal dietary pattern and Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) in each trimester and hyperglycemia amongst Arab pregnant women in south-west of Iran. Methods: This longitudinally study was performed in urban healthcare centers of south-west of Iran. Among 610 candidates, 488 pregnant women were included in the final analysis. Consequently, two diet patterns were determined by principal component analysis and the association between GWG and blood glucose level was determined using quartile regression. Using generalized linear model, a model was adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, income, and education levels. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified as follows: "high fat -fast food" and "vegetable-fruits & protein" pattern. High adherence to "high fat -fast food" pattern was associated with higher GWG and hyperglycemia in 3rd trimester (adjusted beta: 0.029 95%CI 0.012; 0.049 P = 0.001) (adjusted (3: 0.029 95%CI 0.012; 0.049 P = 0.001) respectively. High tendency to "vegetable-fruits & protein" pattern was inversely associated with development of hyperglycemia in 3rd trimester. Higher SES level was associated with low adherence to "high fat-fast food" pattern. Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that, higher adherence to high -fat diet is related to excessive GWG and hyperglycemia in late pregnancy. (C) 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.