Cognitive control, attention, and the other race effect in memory

被引:20
作者
Brown, Thackery I. [1 ]
Uncapher, Melina R. [1 ,2 ]
Chow, Tiffany E. [3 ]
Eberhardt, Jennifer L. [1 ]
Wagner, Anthony D. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA USA
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA USA
[4] Stanford Univ, Neurosci Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NEURAL ACTIVITY; VISUAL-SEARCH; TOP-DOWN; FACE; CATEGORIZATION; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE; BLACK; BRAIN;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0173579
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
People are better at remembering faces from their own race than other races-a phenomenon with significant societal implications. This Other Race Effect (ORE) in memory could arise from different attentional allocation to, and cognitive control over, same-and otherrace faces during encoding. Deeper or more differentiated processing of same-race faces could yield more robust representations of same- vs. other-race faces that could support better recognition memory. Conversely, to the extent that other-race faces may be characterized by lower perceptual expertise, attention and cognitive control may be more important for successful encoding of robust, distinct representations of these stimuli. We tested a mechanistic model in which successful encoding of same- and other-race faces, indexed by subsequent memory performance, is differentially predicted by (a) engagement of frontoparietal networks subserving top-down attention and cognitive control, and (b) interactions between frontoparietal networks and fusiform cortex face processing. European American (EA) and African American (AA) participants underwent fMRI while intentionally encoding EA and AA faces, and similar to 24 hrs later performed an "old/new" recognition memory task. Univariate analyses revealed greater engagement of frontoparietal top-down attention and cognitive control networks during encoding for same-vs. other-race faces, stemming particularly from a failure to engage the cognitive control network during processing of other-race faces that were subsequently forgotten. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses further revealed that OREs were characterized by greater functional interaction between medial intraparietal sulcus, a component of the top-down attention network, and fusiform cortex during same-than otherrace face encoding. Together, these results suggest that group-based face memory biases at least partially stem from differential allocation of cognitive control and top-down attention during encoding, such that same-race memory benefits from elevated top-down attentional engagement with face processing regions; conversely, reduced recruitment of cognitive control circuitry appears more predictive of memory failure when encoding out-group faces.
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页数:21
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