Barriers to good glycemic control levels and adherence to diabetes management plan in adults with Type-2 diabetes in Jordan: a literature review

Poorly controlled Type-2 diabetes is considered a significant public health problem and associated with adverse outcomes in Jordan. This review focuses on barriers to good glycemic control levels and adherence to diabetes management plan in adults with Type-2 diabetes in Jordan. The aim was to identify the extent of Type-2 diabetes and the influence of knowledge, perceptions and sociocultural factors on adherence to the diabetes management plan. Thirty-two studies were included in the literature review. The high prevalence rate of poorly controlled Type-2 diabetes is associated with many negative consequences among patients in Jordan. Despite the publication of research findings that have shown the importance of adherence to diet, physical activity, medications, monitoring blood glucose and foot care, the level of adherence is still unsatisfactory among patients in Jordan. This review also identified that social, cultural and religious factors influence diabetes management. These factors highlighted the overwhelming influence of sociocultural factors and lifestyles as determinants of patients' health and health behaviors. For example, the influence of family, friends and culture on herbal use and food preferences that patients make on a daily basis and during social gatherings. A holistic approach incorporating patient-centered care could usefully be incorporated into educational programs to improve the understanding of patients' health and information needs. The importance of factors beyond the individual level in terms of social, cultural, organizational and policy influences such as food habits, religious beliefs and lack of continuity of care were identified as key factors which influence adherence to the diabetes management plan. Recognition of multiple determinants of patients' health among health care professionals may expand the scope of interventions to seek to modify social norms and values and improve patient outcomes.