All-trans-Configuration in Zanthoxylum Alkylamides Swaps the Tingling with a Numbing Sensation and Diminishes Salivation

被引:95
作者
Bader, Matthias [1 ]
Stark, Timo D. [1 ]
Dawid, Corinna [1 ]
Loesch, Sofie [1 ]
Hofmann, Thomas [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Munich, Chair Food Chem & Mol Sensory Sci, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
关键词
Szechuan pepper; tingling; numbing; salivation; hydroxysanshool; bungeanool; half-tongue test; Zanthoxylum piperitum; SENSORY NEURONS; ACID-AMIDES; PUNGENT; PERICARPS; BUNGEANUM; HUAJIAO; TRPV1;
D O I
10.1021/jf500399w
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
The methanol soluble prepared from a supercritical fluid extract of Szechuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum) was screened for its key tingling and numbing chemosensates by application of taste dilution analysis. Further separation of fractions perceived with the highest sensory impact, followed by LC-TOF-MS, LC-MS, and 1D/2D NMR experiments, led to the structure determination of the known alkylamides hydroxy-gamma-sanshool (1), hydroxy-alpha-sanshool (2), hydroxy-beta-sanshool (3), bungeanool (4), isobungeanool (5), and hydroxy-gamma-isosanshool (6), as well as hydroxy-epsilon-sanshool (7), the structure of which has not yet been confirmed by NMR, and hydroxy-zeta-sanshool (8), which has not been previously reported in the literature. Psychophysical half-tongue experiments using filter paper rectangles (1 x 2 cm) as the vehicle revealed amides 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, showing at least one cis-configured double bond, elicited the well-known tingling and paresthetic orosensation above threshold levels of 3.5-8.3 nmol/cm(2). In contrast, the all-trans-configured amides 3 and 6 induced a numbing and anesthetic sensation above thresholds of 3.9 and 7.1 nmol/cm(2), respectively. Interestingly, the mono-cis-configured major amide 2 was found to induce massive salivation, whereas the all-trans-configuration of 3 did not.
引用
收藏
页码:2479 / 2488
页数:10
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