Energy security indicators for Pakistan: An integrated approach

In this paper, Pakistan's energy security performance based on a study of its energy security index during 1991-2018 is assessed. The assessment, based on an analysis of the energy security and energy policies of Pakistan, focuses on the concepts of "Availability", "Affordability", "Technology", "Governance", and "Environment". Twenty-two indicators, termed the Energy Security Indicators for Pakistan (ESIP), were selected. The ESIP were normalised using the z-score method and weighted based on principal component analysis (PCA). The index analysis revealed that Pakistan's energy security performance decreased between 1991 and 1999, followed by an increase until 2018. A maximum score of 8.36 was attained in 1991, and a minimum of 7.59 was achieved in 1999. During 2000-2018, the performance improved, resulting in a score of 8.29 in 2018. Supply, consumption, and import indicators played a key role in the energy security performance in the studied period.