Observations of Methane Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants

被引：26

作者：

Hajny, Kristian D. ^{[1
]}

Salmon, Olivia E. ^{[1
,7
]}

Rudek, Joseph ^{[2
]}

Lyon, David R. ^{[2
]}

Stuff, Andrew A. ^{[1
]}

Stirm, Brian H. ^{[3
]}

Kaeser, Robert ^{[1
]}

Floerchinger, Cody R. ^{[4
]}

Conley, Stephen ^{[5
]}

Smith, Mackenzie L. ^{[5
]}

Shepson, Paul B. ^{[1
,6
]}

机构：

[1] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[2] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA

[3] Purdue Univ, Sch Aviat & Transportat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA

[4] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[5] Sci Aviat Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[6] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[7] Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, 101 S Webster St, Madison, WI 53703 USA

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2019年 / 53卷 / 15期

关键词：

CARBON-DIOXIDE; SHALE; AIRBORNE; FLARES; OIL;

D O I：

10.1021/acs.est.9b01875

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Current research efforts on the atmospheric impacts of natural gas (NG) have focused heavily on the production, storage/transmission, and processing sectors, with less attention paid to the distribution and end use sectors. This work discusses 23 flights at 14 natural gas-fired power plants (NGPPs) using an aircraft-based mass balance technique and methane/carbon dioxide enhancement ratios (Delta CH4/Delta CO2) measured from stack plumes to quantify the unburned fuel. By comparing the Delta CH4/Delta CO2 ratio measured in stack plumes to that measured downwind, we determined that, within uncertainty of the measurement, all observed CH4 emissions were stack-based, that is, uncombusted NG from the stack rather than fugitive sources. Measured CH4 emission rates (ER) ranged from 8 (+/- 5) to 135 (+/- 27) kg CH4/h (+/- 1 sigma), with the fractional CH4 throughput lost (loss rate) ranging from -0.039% (+/- 0.076%) to 0.204% (+/- 0.054%). We attribute negative values to partial combustion of ambient CH4 in the power plant. The average calculated emission factor (EF) of 5.4 (+10/-5.4) g CH4/million British thermal units (MMBTU) is within uncertainty of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EFs. However, one facility measured during startup exhibited substantially larger stack emissions with an EF of 440 (+660/-440) g CH4/MMBTU and a loss rate of 2.5% (+3.8/-2.5%).

引用

页码：8976 / 8984

页数：9

共 43 条

[1] Assessment of methane emissions from the US oil and gas supply chain [J].

Alvarez, Ramon A. ;

Zavala-Araiza, Daniel ;

Lyon, David R. ;

Allen, David T. ;

Barkley, Zachary R. ;

Brandt, Adam R. ;

Davis, Kenneth J. ;

Herndon, Scott C. ;

Jacob, Daniel J. ;

Karion, Anna ;

Kort, Eric A. ;

Lamb, Brian K. ;

Lauvaux, Thomas ;

Maasakkers, Joannes D. ;

Marchese, Anthony J. ;

Omara, Mark ;

Pacala, Stephen W. ;

Peischl, Jeff ;

Robinson, Allen L. ;

Shepson, Paul B. ;

Sweeney, Colm ;

Townsend-Small, Amy ;

Wofsy, Steven C. ;

Hamburg, Steven P. .

SCIENCE, 2018, 361 (6398) :186-188

[2] Greater focus needed on methane leakage from natural gas infrastructure [J].

Alvarez, Ramon A. ;

Pacala, Stephen W. ;

Winebrake, James J. ;

Chameides, William L. ;

Hamburg, Steven P. .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2012, 109 (17) :6435-6440

[3]

[Anonymous], Overview of greenhouse gases

[4] The Natural Gas Supply Chain: The Importance of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions [J].

Balcombe, Paul ;

Anderson, Kris ;

Speirs, Jamie ;

Brandon, Nigel ;

Hawkes, Adam .

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, 2017, 5 (01) :3-20

[5] Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems [J].

Brandt, A. R. ;

Heath, G. A. ;

Kort, E. A. ;

O'Sullivan, F. ;

Petron, G. ;

Jordaan, S. M. ;

Tans, P. ;

Wilcox, J. ;

Gopstein, A. M. ;

Arent, D. ;

Wofsy, S. ;

Brown, N. J. ;

Bradley, R. ;

Stucky, G. D. ;

Eardley, D. ;

Harriss, R. .

SCIENCE, 2014, 343 (6172) :733-735

[6] Quantification and source apportionment of the methane emission flux from the city of Indianapolis [J].

Cambaliza, M. O. L. ;

Shepson, P. B. ;

Bogner, J. ;

Caulton, D. R. ;

Stirm, B. ;

Sweeney, C. ;

Montzka, S. A. ;

Gurney, K. R. ;

Spokas, K. ;

Salmon, O. E. ;

Lavoie, T. N. ;

Hendricks, A. ;

Mays, K. ;

Turnbull, J. ;

Miller, B. R. ;

Lauvaux, T. ;

Davis, K. ;

Karion, A. ;

Moser, B. ;

Miller, C. ;

Obermeyer, C. ;

Whetstone, J. ;

Prasad, K. ;

Miles, N. ;

Richardson, S. .

ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE, 2015, 3

[7] Assessment of uncertainties of an aircraft-based mass balance approach for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions [J].

Cambaliza, M. O. L. ;

Shepson, P. B. ;

Caulton, D. R. ;

Stirm, B. ;

Samarov, D. ;

Gurney, K. R. ;

Turnbull, J. ;

Davis, K. J. ;

Possolo, A. ;

Karion, A. ;

Sweeney, C. ;

Moser, B. ;

Hendricks, A. ;

Lauvaux, T. ;

Mays, K. ;

Whetstone, J. ;

Huang, J. ;

Razlivanov, I. ;

Miles, N. L. ;

Richardson, S. J. .

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2014, 14 (17) :9029-9050

[8] Methane Destruction Efficiency of Natural Gas Flares Associated with Shale Formation Wells [J].

Caulton, Dana R. ;

Shepson, Paul B. ;

Cambaliza, Maria O. L. ;

McCabe, David ;

Baum, Ellen ;

Stirm, Brian H. .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2014, 48 (16) :9548-9554

[9] Toward a better understanding and quantification of methane emissions from shale gas development [J].

Caulton, Dana R. ;

Shepson, Paul B. ;

Santoro, Renee L. ;

Sparks, Jed P. ;

Howarth, Robert W. ;

Ingraffea, Anthony R. ;

Cambaliza, Maria O. L. ;

Sweeney, Colm ;

Karion, Anna ;

Davis, Kenneth J. ;

Stirm, Brian H. ;

Montzka, Stephen A. ;

Miller, Ben R. .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2014, 111 (17) :6237-6242

[10]

Chu D., GLOBEC KRIGING SOFTW

← 1 2 3 4 5 →