Effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles and Rhizobium leguminosarum alone and in combination on the growth and bacterial blight disease complex of pea caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi

Effects of SiO2 NPs and Rhizobium leguminosarum alone and in combination was observed on the Meloidogyne incognita and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi on pea. Inoculation of plants with M. incognita and P. syringae pv. pisi alone or in combination caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid and increase proline content over un-inoculated control. Application of R. leguminosarum increased plant growth over plants without R. leguminosarum. Use of NPs as seed priming with R. leguminosarum caused a greater increase in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid in plants with pathogens than application of R. leguminosarum with foliar spray. High root nodulation was observed in plants with R. leguminosarum but only few without R. leguminosarum. Both pathogens had adverse effect on root nodulation. Blight disease indices, galling and multiplication of M. incognita were reduced by NPs or R. leguminosearum but higher reduction was observed with NPs seed priming plus R. leguminosearum.