Hysteresis-less mesoscopic CH3NH3Pbl3 perovskite hybrid solar cells by introduction of Li-treated TiO2 electrode

A great current density-voltage (J-V) hysteresis with respect to the scan direction is important issue in perovskite hybrid solar cells because the power conversion efficiency is sometimes incorrect. Here, we demonstrated >17% mesoscopic CH(3)NH(3)Pbl(3) (MAPbl(3)) perovskite hybride solar cells without significant J-V hysteresis with respective to the scan direction and rated by using Li-treated mesoscopic TiO2 electrode. The Li-treated mesoscopic TiO2 electrode improved charge separation/injection from MAPbl(3) into mesoscopic TiO2, charge transport in mesoscopic TiOz, and surface traps because the conduction band edge of mesoscopic TiOz was lowered by similar to 0.1 eV, the mobility of charge carriers was increased from similar to 1.1 x 10(-6) cm(2)/ Vs to similar to 2.5 x 10(-6) cm(2)/Vs, the conductivity of mesoscopic TiO2 was increased from similar to 5.6 x 10(-7) S/cm to similar to 1.6 x 10(-6)S/cm, and the trap density was reduced from similar to 1.2 x 10(16) cm(-3) to similar to 9.3 x 10(15) cm(-3) through Li-treatment. Therefore, the average power conversion efficiency was significantly enhanced from 14.84% to 17.26% at 1 sun condition by the Li-treatment of mesoscopic TiO2. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.