Selective production of orthoalkyl phenols on Cu0.5Co0.5Fe2O4:: a study of catalysis and characterization

被引：67

作者：

Mathew, T ^{[1
]}

Shylesh, S ^{[1
]}

Devassy, BM ^{[1
]}

Vijayaraj, M ^{[1
]}

Satyanarayana, CV ^{[1
]}

Rao, BS ^{[1
]}

Gopinath, CS ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Natl Chem Lab, Catalysis Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India

来源：

APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL | 2004年 / 273卷 / 1-2期

关键词：

phenol; ortho-alkylation; ferrite; XPS; copper oxide; cobalt oxide; surface composition; 2,6-xylenol; 2-ethyl phenol; reaction mechanism;

D O I：

10.1016/j.apcata.2004.06.011

中图分类号：

O64 [物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学];

学科分类号：

070304 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Phenol alkylation was carried out on Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 (x = 0-1) by employing various alkylating agents: CH3OH, CH3OCOOCH3 dimethyl carbonate (DMC), C2H5OH, 2-C3H7OH and isobutene (IB), under a wide variety of reaction conditions; a comparative analysis is made. Cu0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 displays the highest phenol alkylation activity, irrespective of the alkylating agents. The catalytic conversion of phenol follows the following order: MeOH approximate to DMC > EtOH > isopropanol approximate to IB. Ortho-dialkylated product formation decreases as the chain length of alkylating agent increases. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis of fresh and spent CU0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 catalysts revealed a partial reduction of metal ions due to reaction. Valence band studies reveal an increase in the overlap of metal ion 3d bands from fresh to spent catalysts due to a large decrease in the energy gap between them. The high activity observed is attributed to an optimum distribution of Cu-species with hetero-atom neighbors on the surface and a large overlap between the Cu and Co 3d bands. A mechanism involving the reaction of phenol and alcohol molecules adsorbed simultaneously on the same acid-base pair site is supported by IR spectroscopy results from the reactants and pyridine adsorbed on catalyst. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：35 / 45

页数：11

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