Chlorination and oxidation of sulfonamides by free chlorine: Identification and behaviour of reaction products by UPLC-MS/MS

被引：61

作者：

Gaffney, Vanessa de Jesus ^{[1
]}

Cardoso, Vitor Vale ^{[2
]}

Benoliel, Maria Joao ^{[2
]}

Almeida, Cristina M. M. ^{[1
,3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, IMed UL Inst Med & Pharmaceut Sci, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal

[2] Empresa Portuguesa Aguas Livres SA EPAL, Direccao Controlo Qualidade Agua, P-1800031 Lisbon, Portugal

[3] Univ Lisbon, Lab Bromatol & Water Qual, Fac Pharm, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal

来源：

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT | 2016年 / 166卷

关键词：

Sulfonamides; Chlorination; Chlorination by-products; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; KINETICS; ESTUARY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.048

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Sulfonamides (SAs) are one class of the most widely used antibiotics around the world and have been frequently detected in municipal wastewater and surface water in recent years. Their transformation in waste water treatment plants (WWTP) and in water treatment plants (WTP), as well as, their fate and transport in the aquatic environment are of concern. The reaction of six sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine) with free chlorine was investigated at a laboratory scale in order to identify the main chlorination by-products. A previously validated method, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, was used to analyse SAs and their chlorination by-products. At room temperature, pH 6-7, reaction times of up to 2 h and an initial concentration of 2 mg/L of free chlorine, the majority of SAs suffered degradation of around 65%, with the exception of sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole (20%). The main reaction of SAs with free chlorine occurred in the first minute. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：466 / 477

页数：12

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