Fast and Sensitive Terahertz Detection Using an Antenna-Integrated Graphene pn Junction

被引:196
作者
Castilla, Sebastian [1 ]
Terres, Bernat [1 ]
Autore, Marta [2 ]
Viti, Leonardo [3 ,4 ]
Li, Jian [5 ]
Nikitin, Alexey Y. [6 ]
Vangelidis, Ioannis [7 ]
Watanabe, Kenji [8 ]
Taniguchi, Takashi [8 ]
Lidorikis, Elefterios [7 ]
Vitiello, Miriam S. [3 ,4 ]
Hillenbrand, Rainer [2 ,10 ]
Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan [1 ,11 ]
Koppen, Frank H. L. [1 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Ciencies Foton, ICFO, Barcelona 08860, Spain
[2] CIC NanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
[3] CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[4] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[5] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Analyt Chem Life Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[6] DIPC, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain
[7] Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
[8] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan
[9] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain
[10] Ikerbasque, Basque Fdn Sci, Bilbao 48013, Spain
[11] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Catalan Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol ICN2, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
关键词
Photodetector; THz; graphene; antenna; pn junction; fast detection; PHOTORESPONSE; WEAPONS;
D O I
10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04171
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Although the detection of light at terahertz (THz) frequencies is important for a large range of applications, current detectors typically have several disadvantages in terms of sensitivity, speed, operating temperature, and spectral range. Here, we use graphene as a photoactive material to overcome all of these limitations in one device. We introduce a novel detector for terahertz radiation that exploits the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, based on a design that employs a dual-gated, dipolar antenna with a gap of similar to 100 nm. This narrow-gap antenna simultaneously creates a pn junction in a graphene channel located above the antenna and strongly concentrates the incoming radiation at this pn junction, where the photoresponse is created. We demonstrate that this novel detector has an excellent sensitivity, with a noise-equivalent power of 80 pW/root Hz at room temperature, a response time below 30 ns (setup-limited), a high dynamic range (linear power dependence over more than 3 orders of magnitude) and broadband operation (measured range 1.8-4.2 THz, antenna-limited), which fulfills a combination that is currently missing in the state-of-the-art detectors. Importantly, on the basis of the agreement we obtained between experiment, analytical model, and numerical simulations, we have reached a solid understanding of how the PTE effect gives rise to a THz-induced photoresponse, which is very valuable for further detector optimization.
引用
收藏
页码:2765 / 2773
页数:9
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