Prevalence of and risk factors for binge eating behaviour in 6930 adults starting a weight loss or maintenance programme

Objective: Conflicting data are available on the prevalence of binge eating behaviour (BE) in individuals seeking to lose or maintain weight. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and the risk factors for BE in a large sample of men and women starting a weight loss or maintenance programme. Design: Cross-sectional study. BE was defined as a Binge Eating Scale (BES) score >= 18. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Italian Depression Questionnaire were used to assess anxiety and depression. Besides sex, age and BMI, marital status, educational level, smoking and physical activity were evaluated as potential risk factors for BE. Uni- and multivariable Poisson working regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and marginal probabilities. Setting: Nutritional research centre. Subjects: Adults (n 6930; 72 % women) with a median age of 46 years (range 18-81 years) were consecutively studied. Results: BE prevalence in the pooled sample was 17 %. At multivariable analysis, being a woman (PR = 2.70), smoking (PR = 1.15) and increasing BMI (PR = 1.05 for 1 kg/m(2) increase) were risk factors for BE. On the contrary, being older (PR = 0.99 for 1-year increase), performing physical activity (PR = 0.89) and being married (PR = 0.88) were protective factors for BE. Anxiety and depression were more common in subjects with BE. Conclusions: BE is common in individuals seeking to lose or maintain weight. The prevalence of BE is higher in young obese women. However, BE is present also in men, elders and normal-weight subjects.